AUGUSTA — Maine Attorney General Janet Mills has ruled that a proposal by Gov. Paul LePage to bar immigrants and asylum seekers from receiving General Assistance is illegal and unconstitutional.

The proposed new rule, which was unveiled late last year by the Maine Department of Health and Human Services, was meant to align qualification for the state’s General Assistance program with other public assistance programs such as Temporary Assistance for Needy Families and the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. In essence, the proposal would block anyone from receiving General Assistance until they receive full U.S. citizenship.

The rule would allow towns and cities to continue to provide the benefit, which is intended as an emergency measure to help individuals and families through financial crises, but without any financial support from the state. In most municipalities, the state pays 50 percent of the benefits, though there are three cities — Bangor, Portland and Lewiston — where state support ramps up to 90 percent after local spending reaches a certain threshold.

General Assistance cost the state and local municipalities a total of $12 million in 2013 and provided an average benefit of $966 to approximately 12,000 people. About 64 percent of that cost was in the immigrant-heavy cities of Bangor, Lewiston and Portland.

Opponents of the proposal, including Portland Mayor Michael Brennan, gathered in Portland on Friday morning to laud Mills’ decision.

Mills, a Democrat who has frequently clashed with LePage, wrote in a decision she issued last week that there are three problems with the proposed rule, each of which is sufficient to prevent her from approving the change.

Mills said the proposal would violate the equal protection clauses in the Maine and U.S. constitutions, would create an unfunded mandate for municipalities that would be newly charged with investigating applicants’ immigration status, and is a substantive enough change to require legislative approval.

“Had the Legislature wanted to authorize the department to impose eligibility standards for municipally administered General Assistance programs, it certainly knew how,” wrote Mills in a five-page memo that echoed a preliminary opinion she issued on the subject in January. “The department lacks authority to establish eligibility standards outside of unorganized territories.”

Members of Maine’s immigrant communities said during an event at the State House in January that General Assistance can be a significant lifeline for some new Mainers — many of them asylum seekers — in their efforts to rebuild their lives after fleeing from war-torn or oppressive countries.

Officials from the Department of Health and Human Services, including Commissioner Mary Mayhew, could not be immediately reached for comment on Friday morning, but department spokesman John Martins told the Bangor Daily News in January that the intent of the changes was to free up state money for other programs where it is needed.

“We continue to focus our efforts to ensure that our limited resources are targeted to serve Maine’s most vulnerable, including the elderly and those who are physically and intellectually disabled, so they can receive the services they need and move off longstanding waitlists,” wrote Martins in response to questions from the BDN.

General Assistance has been one of the programs at the center of the LePage administration’s efforts to reform welfare and social service programs. In 2012, the Legislature and LePage enacted a supplemental budget bill that called for recommendations to redesign the General Assistance program in a way that would save the state $500,000 in fiscal year 2013.

A General Assistance work group studied the issue and in January 2013 presented a report identifying dozens of changes that would generate savings of more than $800,000. Many of the changes were adopted by the Legislature.

LePage also proposed a bill earlier this year, LD 1844, that would have reduced reimbursement payments to towns and required monthly reporting by towns to the state. The bill died in committee.

Last week, reforms to General Assistance came up again in an ongoing report by the Alexander Group, which was hired by the LePage administration to recommend a range of changes to social service programs. The recommendations suggested caps on how much the state pays for General Assistance.

Alain Nahimana, coordinator of the Maine Immigrant Rights Coalition, said in a written statement Friday that in addition to Mills’ ruling, strong pushback on the issue definitely helped prevent the new rules from taking effect. Hundreds of people attended a DHHS hearing in January to oppose the rule change, and representatives later delivered more than 2,600 signatures from Maine residents urging rejection of the proposal, according to a news release.

“Not only did immigrant communities come together to oppose this proposal that would have devastated our communities, but we also saw thousands of concerned Maine residents come forward to support this basic safety net for Maine’s recent immigrants,” said Nahimana. “We saw the positive impact that Maine people can have on the democratic process when they get involved. We are so happy that state officials heard us all and responded to our concerns.”

Alison Beyea, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Maine, also applauded the decision.

“The attorney general recognized the proposal for what it was: an unconstitutional discriminatory policy that would have violated the promise of equal protection guaranteed by the Constitution,” said Beyea in a written statement. “This ruling reminds us that, in Maine, we don’t refuse to help the most vulnerable simply because they were born in another country.”